Pointe-Noire continued growing, and was the most modern city in 1960, when Congo gained independence. Incidents which occurred during 1958 legislative elections led the leaders of the Democratic Union for the Defence of African Interests ( Union démocratique pour la défense des interets africains, UDDIA) to transfer the capital to Brazzaville, since Pointe-Noire was under the influence of the political opposition. In 1957, the Middle-Congo became the Republic of Congo, although it was still not independent. In 1950, Pointe-Noire had 20,000 inhabitants, and became the capital of the Middle Congo, while Brazzaville was the capital city of the AEF. In 1942, the Pointe-Noire Harbour welcomed its first ship, and made the city the AEF's seaport. That same year, Bank of West Africa (BAO) opened its first branch in the city. In 1934, Governor Raphael Antonetti inaugurated the Congo-Ocean Railway. In 1927, drinking water became available in the city, which had about 3,000 inhabitants. Roberts visiting the Port of Pointe Noire In 1923, it was chosen to be the terminus of the Congo-Ocean Railway (CFCO). As rapids make it impossible to navigate on the Congo River past Brazzaville, and the coastal railroad terminus site had to allow for the construction of a deep-sea port, authorities chose the site of Ponta Negra instead of Libreville as originally envisaged. It soon became necessary to build a railroad that would connect Brazzaville, the terminus of the river navigation on the Congo River and the Ubangui River, with the Atlantic coast. In 1910, French Equatorial Africa ( Afrique équatoriale française, AEF) was created, and French companies were allowed to exploit the Middle Congo (modern-day Congo Brazzaville). From then on, Pointe-Noire, called in Portuguese Ponta Negra, became a maritime point of reference, and then a small fishing village starting in 1883, after the French signed a treaty with local people, the Loangos. The name Pointe-Noire ("Black Point") originated with Portuguese navigators who saw a block of black rocks on the headland in 1484. It is the administrative and commercial centre. Patrice Emery Lumumba district, the oldest area.Pointe-Noire is a commune divided into six urban districts ( arrondissements): However, this was to provide practical benefits, rather than cosmetic.See also: List of mayors of Pointe-Noire (Republic of the Congo) Also, one of the earliest known attempts to enhance eyelashes was by the ancient Egyptians, when royalty used black powder called "kohl" to protect their eyes against sand, dust and bugs.
By 1915 Nestle had opened a New York hair-perming salon on E. A German named Charles Nestle (nee Karl Nessler) manufactured false lashes in the early 20th century and used the profits from sales to finance his next invention-the permanent wave. Even before that, hairdressers and makeup artists tried a similar trick. In 1911 a Canadian woman named Anna Taylor received a US patent for the artificial eyelash hers was a crescent of fabric implanted with tiny hairs. However, like many Hollywood legends, this claim proves to not be true. In collaboration with a wig maker, who did the actual fabricating, the solution Griffith was credited with involved weaving human hair through a fine strip of gauze, creating false eyelashes. He wanted Seena Owen (who plays Attarea, the Princess Beloved, in the film's Babylonian segment) with lashes luxurious enough to brush her cheeks when she blinked. Griffith invented false eyelashes for this film in 1916.
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